I’ve used credit card rewards to pay for vacations for 2 decades. Here are 3 tips to make the most of your points.

I’ve been collecting airline miles and credit card points for more than two decades, long before the influx of social media posts promising things like a “free” business-class seat to Europe.

Over the years, I’ve redeemed points for everything from weekend getaways to Puerto Rico to long-haul international flights to Bali that would have otherwise cost thousands of dollars.

Looking back, I realized that earning points is actually the easy part.

The real challenge is knowing how to use them well, and I haven’t always been strategic about it.

Here are the three key strategies I’ve learned that I use to travel the world for less.

Don’t put all your eggs in one basket when it comes to miles and points.

One of the most important strategies in maximizing travel rewards is to build a flexible “points ecosystem” rather than relying on a single airline, hotel program, or credit card.

My current points ecosystem includes two American Express cards, one Chase card, and one Capital One credit card; co-branded airline and hotel cards for United, Delta, and Marriott; and memberships in dozens of airline, hotel, and rental-car loyalty programs.

Most of my travel credit cards have annual fees, ranging from $150 for my Delta SkyMiles Gold card to $895 for my American Express Business Platinum card.

When the value I receive from the benefits — annual travel or hotel credits, free-night certificates, airport lounge access, checked-bag benefits, elite-status perks, and travel protections — exceeds the annual fee, the card earns a place in my points ecosystem.

One of the biggest misconceptions about airline miles is that you should use the airline’s own miles to book its flights.

That’s often not true; the exact same seat could actually cost fewer points through another loyalty program.

Many airlines belong to the three major airline alliances — Star Alliance, Oneworld, and SkyTeam — or have individual partnerships that let members redeem miles for flights operated by partner carriers.

The number of miles and taxes or fees required can vary significantly from one loyalty program to another.

It’s worth checking multiple partners before transferring points or booking an award.

Similarly, I rarely book flights using points directly through credit card travel portals, because they usually operate at a value of one cent per point, and I can often get more value from my points elsewhere.

When searching for award flights, I almost always start with Roame Travel, a platform that compares redemption prices across multiple airline programs.

I use a free account, which is more limited in search functions than their paid subscriptions, but it works for my needs.

For example, for Star Alliance flights, I check programs like Air Canada Aeroplan, Singapore Airlines KrisFlyer, and All Nippon Airways Mileage Club.

I also keep an eye on Alaska Airlines Mileage Plan and Virgin Atlantic Flying Club because both frequently offer excellent partner award opportunities as well as awards on their own flights.

That strategy paid off while planning a trip to Africa in January this year.

I transferred Amex points to Virgin Atlantic to book a one-way flight from Washington Dulles to Johannesburg for only 13,500 points, plus $229.40 in taxes and fees.

It was the lowest cost long-haul redemption I’ve ever booked.

It also required far fewer points than a credit card travel portal would have charged; the same one-way flight would’ve likely cost around $1,000, or 100,000 points if booked through a credit card travel portal such as American Express Travel.

Many travelers search only for flights flying out of their home airport or exact departure city.

Sometimes, though, booking a flight to a different airport — positioning to another city — means a better fare or cheaper award redemption.

From there, you can use a budget carrier, train, or car to reach your final destination.

I’ve built entire vacations around positioning flights.

Rather than a hassle, I see them as an opportunity to experience multiple destinations on a single trip.

On a family trip to Europe three years ago, I wanted to visit Croatia and Montenegro, but there wasn’t any award availability for our preferred range of dates.

Instead, I booked four one-way tickets on Lufthansa Airlines to Prague using 122,000 Singapore Airlines’ KrisFlyer miles and $1,148.00 in taxes and fees.

We spent three days in Prague before road-tripping through Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, and Montenegro.

For the return journey, I booked our flights home from Heathrow because I found four economy tickets for only 98,000 Flying Blue miles and $804 in taxes and fees.

We flew from Dubrovnik to London on a separate low-cost carrier the day before our flight home, turning the connection into a mini getaway in London, where I redeemed hotel points for a one-night stay.

Positioning flights require extra planning.

Because the flights are booked separately, I always leave a generous buffer between them in case of delays or cancellations.

Travel rewards credit cards can be incredibly valuable, but only when used responsibly.

Always pay the balance in full every month — otherwise, the interest racked up on credit card debt can quickly outweigh the value of any points or miles you’ve earned.

I’ve never viewed points as a reason to spend more.

If I can’t pay for a purchase immediately, I don’t make it.

The rewards are an added benefit, not the goal.

I’ve also learned not to chase every welcome bonus by churning credit cards, which is the practice of opening and closing credit cards for the purpose of getting lucrative sign-up bonuses given to new accounts.

Sign-up offers can be valuable, but they work best when they align naturally with purchases you were already planning to make.

Today, my philosophy is simple: Earn points strategically, redeem them when they help me take a trip I really want to take, and don’t obsess over squeezing every last fraction of a cent out of every redemption.

The best use of miles isn’t necessarily the one that produces the highest spreadsheet value; it’s the one that gets you on the plane, lets you experience another part of the world, and leaves more money in your bank account for the next adventure.